Destination and Tours: Ancient Greek Architecture

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DESTINATION - Ancient Greek Architecture

Figure (1.1)
Stoa of Attalus which has been redeveloped, Athens

Architecture (building works into a design aesthetic) starting over in Greece from the end of the Mycenaean period (about 1200 BC) until the 7th century BC, when urban life and prosperity back to the limit and where the government buildings can be done. But since the ancient Greek buildings in the Archaic and early classical period were made of wood or clay, there was nothing ruins of the building except the ground and there is almost no written sources on early architecture or descriptions of the building.
Most of the knowledge of Greek architecture comes from the minority regarding the building of classical style, Hellenistic and Roman periods (since the architecture roma follow Greek styles). This means that only the temple that building strong survive.

Architecture, like painting and sculpture are not seen as an "art" in ancient Greek period. Architect is an expert carpenter employed by the aristocracy or the rich. There is no difference between the architect and building contractor. Architect designed buildings, hired labor and expertise to build and was responsible for budgets and timely completion of both. He does not enjoy the status, not as architects of modern buildings. Even the architect's name not known prior to the 5th century. An architect like Iktinos, who designed the Parthenon, which today is considered as an architectural genius, was treated at that time in his life no more than a merchant.

Building a standard form known as the Greek government has the same bantuk from the Parthenon, and even the Romans built their buildings, engikuti Greek style, like the Temple for all the gods in Rome. Buildings in general form a cube or a cube or a long rectangular and made of limestone. Marble is an expensive building material in Greece: high quality marble came only from Mt Pentelus in Attica and from several islands such as Paros, and the path is very difficult to transport. Marble sculpture used in decoration, not structurally, except in the most glorious building period Classical period such as the Parthenon.

Figure (1.2)
The upper part of the Greek National Academy built in Athens, showing carved pediment.

Greek point of the low roof makes a square shape three on each side of the building, pediment, which is generally filled with sculptural decoration. Along the side of the building, between the columns and roof, is a line block is now known as the entablature, which provides a surface to carve ruangang, decoration known as the metopes and triglyphs. Nothing can save bagunan Greece from the collapse, but the original building can be seen in some modern imitation of Greek buildings, such as the Greek National Academy building in Athens, see figure (1.2)

Figure (1.3)
Tholos at Delphi

The format of other common architecture used in Greek architecture is tholos, a circular structure in which the best example is in Delphi (see figure 1.3) and the goal is to serve the religious devotee of the temple, propylon or porch, flanking the entrance to the open space and nature reserves ( The best examples are known in the Athens Acropolis), and the Stoics, a long narrow hall with an open colonnade on one side that is used to adjust the line a Greek temple columns. One who has restored Stoa Stoa of Attalus was could be seen in Athens. (see figure 1.1)

Basis of rectangles or squares in general flanked by colonnades (rows columns) on either the top two and the four sides. This is the format of the Parthenon. As an alternative, a cube-shaped building will make a portico-pole (or pronaos in) the Greek) as the formation of the entrance, as seen in every temple to all gods. Greeks understood the principles of building brick arch work but very little use in building the Greek and Greek buildings do not put the dome on top of their building but the roof of their building with wooden beams covered with terra cotta (or occasionally marble).

Figure (1.4)
The front of the library Celcus, Ephesus.

The temple is the best place commonly known in the architectural world. Temple did not have the same function in the Church to serve as the modern. For one thing, altar bearing the open sky in the temenos or sacred place of sacrifice. The temple serves as storage objects that are considered directly related to the revered deity. The temple is a place for pagan to leave votive offerings that they, like the statue dedication, On the inside of the temple, Cella, so most of the devotees worship to store them in a vault and storage. And the building is generally covered by other columns rows.
Any-Any City in Greece with all its size also has a palaestra or gym. The room was very open with the roof open to the sky and lined with colonnades, used for athletic championships and training centers as well as social activities and clubs as well gatherings where men. Greek cities also need at least one bouleuterion or trial, a large building as the city council puts pertemuanyang (Boule) and a courthouse. Since Greece did not use arches or domes of the building, they can not build a big hall without a roof supported by, bouleuterion are rows of internal columns and columns used to support the roof above.

Finally, each city in Greece has a theater. This is used for public meetings or drama. Events in the theater ranges from the 6th century BC (see the Greek Theater). Theater in general is set in a hillside outside the town, and has a row of seats set out in a half circle around the central area of the orchestra or event. Behind the orchestra was a low building called the skene, which acts as a warehouse, a dressing room, as well as background on the actions that took place in the orchestra or play. A number of Greek theater remained almost intact, the best known is the theater Epidaurus.

Figure (1.5)
Herod Atticus Theater, Athens.

There are two main styles of Greek architecture, the Doric and Ionic. This name is used only for the Greeks themselves. and reflects their confidence in the Ionic and Doric of the dark ages, but it is not entirely correct. Doric style used in mainland Greece and spread from there to the Greek colonies in Italy. The ionic force is used in large cities Ionia (now the west coast of Turkey) and part of the Aegean islands. Doric style became more hard and formal, which is an ionic become more lax and decorative. Corinthian style that has a lot of decoration is the final development of the Ionic style. This style is known to the capital, but there are many differences in points of design and decoration style. See separate articles on the classical groups. Here are examples of various conth-style columns in the temple in Greece.